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语法练习--名词
名词
名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
1 名词复数的规则变化
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
__________________________________________________
一般情况 加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps
2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags
读 /z/; car-cars
___________________________________________________
以sshch
x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses
watch-watches
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以ceseze
(d)ge等结尾
的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses
___________________________________________________
以辅音字母+y 变y 为i
结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
2 其它名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：
如： two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较： 层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories
2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos；
b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs；
b. 去ffe 加ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；
c. 均可如： handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
3 名词复数的不规则变化
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复同形 如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
��������a dollar two dollars; a meter two meters
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说
a person，a policeman，a head of cattlethe English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers clothes
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼
4 不可数名词量的表示
1）物质名词
a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。
比较： Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。
This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need various steels. (可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。
Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas please. 请来两杯茶。
2） 抽象名词有时也可数。
four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。
如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice 一条建议
5 定语名词的复数
名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
1) 用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室
���������������������� talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系
2) man woman gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
如：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 ��
customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷
4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。
如：two-dozen eggs 两打/（二十四个鸡蛋) a ten-mile walk 十里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划
个别的有用复数作定语的，如： a seven-years child
6 不同国家的人的单复数
名称 总称(谓语用复数） 一个人 两个人
中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亚人the an two
Australians Australian Australians
俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians
希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美国人 the Americans an American two Americans
印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans
英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
7 名词的格
在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1） 单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。
2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加"'"，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
3） 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。
如：John's and Mary's room（两间） John and Mary's room（一间）
6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or two's absence
Exercises
( ) 1 She was very happy. She������������ in the math test.
A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake
( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some please?
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe
( ) 3 _____are ____for cutting things.
A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using
( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has!
A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes
( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave
( ) 6 -Can we have some ___?�� -Yes please.
A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear
( ) 7 On the table there are five____.
A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato
( )8. They got much ___ from those new books.. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories
( ) 9. He gave us____ on how to keep fit.
A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice
( )10. ��When we saw his face we knew___ was bad.
A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news
( ) 11 What___ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a
( ) 12 -Would you like ___tea?-No thanks. I have drunk two____.
A. any bottles of orange B. some bottles of orange
C. many bottles of oranges D. few bottle of oranges
( )13 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.
A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
( ) 14. It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse.
A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time
( ) 15. I would like to have___.
A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks
( )16. Can you give me ____?
A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea |
( )17. Please give me ___ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of
( )18. John bought ___for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes
( )19. -How many ____ have you got on your farm? -I've got five.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken
( ) 20. Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies
21.In the picture there are many____ and two.
A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxesB. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs
( )22. A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.
A. Hungarian B. Australian C. JapaneseD. American
( )23. This table is made of___.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass
( ) 24 -What would you like to have for lunch sir? -I'd like____. !
A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken
( )25 Children should make____ for old people in a bus.
A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room
( )26 Tables are made of___.
A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods
( ) 27 I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples
( )28. I have read____ of the young writer.
A. works B. work C. this works D. the works
( )29. Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of___?
A. the People's Park B. the Peoples' Park C. the People Park D. People's Park
( )30.___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people.
A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a
( ) 31. How many������������were there in the street when the accident happened?
A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples
( )32 If these trousers are too big buy a smaller____.
A. set B. one C. piece D. pair
( )33 Last week I bought a TV____.
^A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block
( ) 34. There is a of wood left on the ground.
A. cup B. piece C. box D. pair
( )35. There are sixty-seven___ in our school.
A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher
( )36 There are five ___in our factory.
A. woman driver B women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers
( ) 37. These ____ were sent to the villages to help the farmers. A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor
( )38. They write most of their.___ in English.
A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters
( )39. We came to a ___ at last .and went in.
A. watch shop B. watches shop 'C. watching shop D. watchs shop
( )40. This shop sells apples bananas and things like these. It's a___ A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop
41. She broke a ___while she was washing up.
A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass
42. I've forgotten both of the____.
A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number
43. September 10th is ____in China.
A. Teacher's Day B. Teachers' Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day
( )44 -Is the broom under ____ desk? -No it's under____.
A. the teacher's; my B. teacher's; mine C. teacher's; me D. the teacher's; mine
( )45 Excuse me where is the___?
A. men's room B. mens' room C. men's rooms D. men rooms.
( )46 The football under the bed is____.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's
( )47 This is my ____dictionary.
A. sister Mary B. sister's C. sister Mary's D. sister's Mary's
( )48 He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.
A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors'
( ) 49 Joan is____. A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister
( )50 In a few____ time those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years' C. year's D. years
( )51. It's about ___ walk from my house.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes
( )52. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____..--A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk
( )53. Half___ telephone calls are made in English. A. the world B. world C. the world's D. world's
54 ____ face to the south.
A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The room's windows D. The windows in room
55 Please take two___.
A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park
( )56 The workers are repairing____.
A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house C. roof of the house D. this roof of house
( )57 Miss Smith is a friend of____.
A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother C. mother's of Mary D. Mary mothers
( )58 This is a book of ___.
A. Tom B. Tom's C. her D. him
( )59 The post card is sent by ____.
A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my father's C. my father friend D. my father friend's
( )60 Sydney is a city of___.
A. America B. Germany C. Australia D. Japan
( )61 My father likes buying us ___.
A. cars B. flowers C. peasants D. presents
( )62. In England the last name is the ___.
A. full name B. family name C. middle name D. given name
( )63. Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new____.
A. shop B. school C. factory D. hospital
